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Sports Injuries: Concussion
What Is Concussion?
Concussion is typically caused by a severe head trauma where the brain moves violently within the skull so that brain cells all fire at once.
A concussion may result from a fall in which the head strikes against an object or a moving object strikes the head. A suddenly induced turning movement such as a blow that twists the head is more likely to lead to unconsciousness. However, significant jarring in any direction can produce unconsciousness.
The length of unconsciousness may relate to the severity of the concussion. Often children (and adults) have no memory of events preceding the injury or immediately after regaining consciousness.
Bleeding into the brain can occur with any blow to the head, whether or not unconsciousness occurs. If your child has received a blow to the head, observe closely for signs indicating possible brain damage.
Things to watch for include;
- repetitive vomiting,
- unequal pupils,
- confused mental state or varying levels of consciousness,
- seizure-like activity,
- the inability to wake up.
- If any of these signs are present, seek medical advice immediately.
Treatment of Concussion
If a blow to the head during athletics leads to unconsciousness, a trained person must determine readiness for continued participation and timing for return to play. In this situation, if a child or young adult has lost consciousness, that person should not resume athletics for a period of three months. Studies have shown that there is an increased rate of brain injury and occasionally death in people who have had a previous concussion with unconsciousness.
Concussion complicated by bleeding or brain damage must be treated in a hospital.
Prevention of Concussion
Attention to safety, including the use of appropriate athletic gear such as bike helmets and seatbelts, reduces the risk of head injury.
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