Otoscopy

Every one especially children is susceptible at one time or the other to ear problems. The problem becomes that it is difficult to look into the ear to figure out what the problem might be. Otoscopy is the examination of the tunnel that leads from the outer ear to the eardrum. It is so called because of the use of an instrument called an otoscope or auriscope.

The otoscope consists of three parts:

• The handle, which contains the power for the light source
• The head, which contains the light bulb and magnifying lens
• The cone, which is inserted into the ear canal.

The idea is to gain as much information as possible on what is happening within the middle ear using the otoscope.

The examination is performed by gently pulling the outer part of the ear upwards and backwards. This action straightens the external auditory canal, which has a natural curve, and makes it easier to see the eardrum.

Most otoscopes have a small air vent connection which allows the doctor to puff air in to the canal. Observing how much the eardrum moves with air pressure assesses its mobility, which varies depending on the pressure within the middle ear. This technique is called insufflation.

When do you need Otoscopy?

When you complain of any ear problems, your doctor is most likely going to rely on otoscopy to find out what the issue might be.

The doctor will use the otoscope to find out:

• If there is any infection of the ear canal - An otoscope is used to look into the ear canal to see the ear drum. Redness or fluid in the eardrum can indicate an ear infection.
• If the eardrum is working properly - Some otoscopes can deliver a small puff of air to the eardrum to see if the eardrum will vibrate (which is normal).
• Excessive wax build up - an otoscope can also detect a build up of wax in the ear canal, or a rupture or puncture of the eardrum,
• If there is blockage of the Eustachian tube - This can be the cause of some conditions like hay fever, cold or glue ear, abnormal conditions in the ear - such as perforations in the eardrum or acute infection of the middle ear.

What are the Risks in Otoscopy?

Otoscopy is a very simple procedure and will generally be harmless when done by a skilled professional. It is important however, to be cautious any time you insert anything in your ear as it can lead to irreversible ear damage.

Avoid any unnecessary or sudden movement when the procedure is being performed.

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